The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is one of the most challenging environments for human survival, known as the "third pole" of the earth. The average altitude is above 4000 meters, and the oxygen partial pressure at 4000 meters is only about 60% of sea level. High altitude hypoxia is a strong selective pressure for human survival. Exposure to high altitude hypoxia will increase the number of red blood cells (polycythemia) and the level of hematocrit (HCT). The genetic background of plateau Tibetans is single, and the long-term high-altitude environment has a positive selection effect on the genes related to plateau adaptation, resulting in stable linkage genetic differences in the related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different altitude gradients, which is suitable for studying the association between high-altitude adaptive phenotypes and genotypes. In this study, DNA microarray was used to compare the male whole genome microarray data of 150 Tibetan and non Tibetan East Asians in plateau. About 700000 loci (including nuclear genome, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome) were genotyped for each sample, and the differential SNPs, genes and signal pathways were analyzed, The molecular adaptive evolution characteristics of Tibetan men in plateau to adapt to high altitude hypoxic environment were detected. This data is helpful to analyze the genetic adaptability of Tibetan population from the perspective of nuclear genome. By comparing with the data of people around the plateau, we can comprehensively understand the adaptive evolution of plateau indigenous men. It provides basic genetic reference data for studying human and biological evolution, exploring the molecular differences between high and low altitude populations, the homologous relationship between populations in different geographical environments, and the role of hypoxia in gene selection.
KONG Qingpeng
The gridded desertification risk data of The Arabian Peninsula in 2021 was calculated based on the environmentally sensitive area index (ESAI) methodology. The ESAI approach incorporates soil, vegetation, climate and management quality and is one of the most widely used approaches for monitoring desertification risk. Based on the ESAI framework, fourteen indicators were chosen to consider four quality domains. Each quality index was calculated from several indicator parameters. The value of each parameter was categorized into several classes, the thresholds of which were determined according to previous studies. Then, sensitivity scores between 1 (lowest sensitivity) and 2 (highest sensitivity) were assigned to each class based on the importance of the class’ role in land sensitivity to desertification and the relationships of each class to the onset of the desertification process or irreversible degradation. A more comprehensive description of how the indicators are related to desertification risk and scores is provided in the studies of Kosmas (Kosmas et al., 2013; Kosmas et al., 1999). The main indicator datasets were acquired from the Harmonized World Soil Database of the Food and Agriculture Organization, Climate Change Initiative (CCI) land cover of the European Space Agency and NOAA’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The raster datasets of all parameters were resampled to 500m and temporally assembled to the yearly values. Despite the difficulty of validating a composite index, two indirect validations of desertification risk were conducted according to the spatial and temporal comparison of ESAI values, including a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the ESAI and land use change between sparse vegetation and grasslands and a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the ESAI and net primary production (NPP). The verification results indicated that the desertification risk data is reliable in the Arabian Peninsula in 2021.
XU Wenqiang
1) Data content: the average zonal wind speed of 200 hPa and 850 hPa (reflecting the high and low-level westerly wind) and meridional wind speed of 850 hPa (reflecting the monsoon circulation) during the past millennium; 2) Data source: monthly data of the third phase of the international paleoclimate simulation and comparison program, processing method: multi-mode equal weight arithmetic average, climate average, 3) data application: used for the study of paleoclimate change and dynamic mechanism.
YAN Qing, JIANG Nanxuan, WANG Huijun
1) Data content: this data is the carbon and nitrogen isotope data generated from the study of human bone collagen in Jiangxi tomb site, Jiyi Town, Wuding County, Yunnan Province. It can be used to preliminarily analyze the human diet structure of Jiangxi tomb site, Wuding county and reveal the life and career patterns of local ancient people. 2) Data source and processing method: provided by the environmental archaeology team of Lanzhou University and obtained by acid alkali acid experimental process and gas stable isotope mass spectrometer (Finnigan Deltaplus isotope ratio mass spectrometer). 3) Data quality: 9.38kb. 4) Data application achievements and prospects: the data are used to explore the research potential of stable isotopes of human bones at sites in revealing the development process of prehistoric career model in Yunnan.
1) Data content: the data are the ancient DNA data generated by studying the cultural layer of Klu lding site in Nyingchi region, Tibetan Plateau, including the hiseqx metagenomics data of 10 ancient DNA samples from 4 layers. It can be used to preliminarily analyze the changes of species composition recorded by ancient DNA in the sediments, and reveal the process of local agricultural development. 2) Data source and processing method: the research group has its ownership. the data were obtained by using pair-end library building and Illumina hiseqx sequencing platform. 3) Data quality: 20.3 MB, Q30 > 85%. 4) Application: The data will be used to explore the potential of the ancient DNA from archaeological sediments in revealing the development of ancient agriculture on the Tibetan Plateau.
YANG Xiaoyan
This data set includes the PM2.5 mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles at Southeast Tibet station, Ali station, mostag station, Everest station and Namuco station (unit: mm) μ g/m3）。 Aerosol PM2.5 fine particles refer to particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in the ambient air. It can be suspended in the air for a long time, which has an important impact on air quality and visibility. The higher its concentration in the air, the more serious the air pollution. The concentration characteristic data of PM2.5 is output at the frequency of obtaining a set of data every 5 minutes, which can realize the analysis of aerosol mass concentration at different time scales such as hour, day and night, season and interannual, which provides the analysis of changes and influencing factors of aerosol mass concentration at different locations in the Qinghai Tibet plateau at different time scales, as well as the evaluation of local air quality, It provides important data support. This data is an update of the published data set of PM2.5 concentration of aerosol particles at different stations on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (2018 and 2019).
WU Guangjian
This data set contains the data set of wild animal infrared stereo camera deployed in Hubao Park, Hunchun City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. A total of 9 sets of wildlife infrared stereo cameras are deployed near Erdaogou in the tiger and leopard park. The stereo cameras are placed on trees and powered by batteries. The data acquisition time is from October 2019 to October 2020, with a total of 5.02g image data. The data is stored in the SD card inside the camera, part of which is transmitted through 700m network, and part of the data is stored in the internal memory card of the camera. Because there is no signal, the time of some images of the camera is January 1, 2000 as the starting time. The stereo camera uses infrared induction trigger to obtain wild animal images. The camera is in sleep for a long time. In this state, only the infrared sensor is in working state. When the sensor senses infrared thermal information, the stereo camera is aroused to take photos and collect. The size of the collected image sheet is 2592 × 1944。 1. Wild animals haunted at the installation site of Hunchun tiger and leopard park. When wild animals appear within the detection range of the stereo camera, acquisition and photographing are triggered once. 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed. 3. The photo data is divided into a pair of effective data, including the left image and the right image. After correction, the left and right images can obtain the parallax map. According to the parallax map, the size information and distance information of the target of interest in the image can be obtained. Through the long-term analysis and research of the obtained animal size information. 4. This data can be used to record the population and body size of wild animals in a certain area, establish a real wild animal body size database, obtain the animal body size data information under different regions, ages and genders, and provide supporting data for wildlife research.
ZHOU Yan
This data set contains the data set of wildlife infrared stereo camera deployed in Qilian Mountain reserve, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. A total of 3 sets of stereo camera equipment are deployed near Sidalong in Qilian Mountain reserve. The coordinate positions are 38 ° 28 ′ 17 ″ n, 99 ° 53 ′ 53 ″ E and 3160m above sea level. The stereo camera is placed on the tree and behind the solar panel respectively, and the solar panel is used for power supply. The data acquisition time is August 2020, with a total of 82 images, including 42 pairs of left and right matching image pairs. The data acquisition method is to acquire the data parameters jointly with the UAV of Northwest Academy of Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Because the installation position is in the non signal area, other data are saved and not taken out from the internal memory card of the camera. The stereo camera uses infrared induction trigger to obtain wild animal images. The camera is in sleep for a long time. In this state, only the infrared sensor is in working state. When the sensor senses infrared thermal information, the stereo camera is aroused to take photos and collect. The size of the collected image sheet is 2592 × 1944, the data format is jpg. A pair of effective data includes the left and right images. After correction, the left and right images can obtain the parallax map. According to the parallax map, the size information and distance information of the target of interest in the image can be obtained. Through the long-term analysis and research of the obtained animal size information. 1. Wild animals haunted at the installation site of Hunchun tiger and leopard park. When wild animals appear within the detection range of the stereo camera, acquisition and photographing are triggered once. 2. Data source: "development of terrestrial vertebrate monitoring equipment", 2016yfc0500104, completed by: Institute of semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, raw data, unprocessed. 3. The photo data is divided into a pair of effective data, including the left image and the right image. After correction, the left and right images can obtain the parallax map. According to the parallax map, the size information and distance information of the target of interest in the image can be obtained. Through the long-term analysis and research of the obtained animal size information. 4. This data can be used to record the population and body size of wild animals in a certain area, establish a real wild animal body size database, obtain the animal body size data information under different regions, ages and genders, and provide supporting data for wildlife research.
ZHOU Yan
XRF data can quickly, nondestructive and high-resolution obtain the relative abundance of constant and trace geochemistry, which can be used to reconstruct the environmental change. This data includes the XRF multi-element data of Daze Co and Jiang Co and the age depth data of Lake cores, which can be used to reconstruct the climate and environmental changes in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 20000 years. In Daze Co and Jiang Co lakes, Ti, K, Fe, Si and other elements show the same change trend. Through multi index comparative analysis, it is considered that Ti and other rock forming elements are mainly affected by the inner diameter flow conditions of the basin and can be used to reconstruct the changes of hydrological conditions in the basin in recent 20000 years.
HOU Juzhi
1) The data include the temperature records reconstructed by using the core depth, age and biomarker gdgts of Bangong Lake to reconstruct the annual average temperature change of Bangong Lake Basin in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau since the last deglaciation. At present, most paleoclimate records on the plateau are qualitative and semi quantitative, and the quantitative records are very limited, which restricts the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of climate change on the plateau. Bangongcuo, the largest lake in the west of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, was selected as the study area, and the average annual temperature change in this area since 16 ka BP was reconstructed by using biomarker indexes. 2) The record was reconstructed using gdgts of lake sediments. 3) The data are detailed and reliable. 4) This study not only provides data for understanding the past climate change in the western Qinghai Tibet Plateau, but also provides a basis for discussing the plateau climate change mechanism and verifying the reliability of regional climate model.
HOU Juzhi, WANG Mingda
The water vapor isotopes transported by different atmospheric circulation systems are different, and the precipitation on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is affected by monsoon and westerly circulation, which is very sensitive to climate and environmental change. Hydrogen isotopes of wax in lake sediments provide a means to restore past precipitation information. The stable hydrogen isotope records of sediments from different lakes (Qinghai Lake, linggecuo lake and Bangong Lake) in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provided by the author reconstruct the isotopic changes of precipitation in the East and west of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 20000 years, and study the effects of summer monsoon and westerly jet on water vapor in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau since the late Pleistocene, It also provides important basic data for reconstructing the paleoclimate and environmental changes of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past.
HOU Juzhi
This study takes the land resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the evaluation object, and clarifies the current situation in the region suitable for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry production and the quantity, quality and distribution of the reserve land resources. Through field investigations, collect relevant data from the study area, and combine relevant literature and expert experience to determine the evaluation factors (altitude, slope, annual precipitation, accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, soil effective depth, texture, erosion, vegetation type, NDVI). The grading and standardization are carried out, and the weights of each evaluation factor are determined by principal component analysis. The weighted index and model are used to determine the total score of the evaluation unit. Finally, the ArcGis natural discontinuity classification method is used to obtain the Qingshang Plateau. And the grades of farmland, forestry and grassland suitability drawings of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with a resolution of 90m were given. Finally, the results are verified and analyzed.
YAO Minglei
The data set contains agricultural economic data of all counties and regions in the Tibetan Plateau in 1980-2015, and covering the total number of households and total population in rural areas, agricultural population, rural labor force, cultivated land, paddy field area, the dry land area, power of agricultural machinery, agricultural vehicles, mechanical ploughing area, irrigation area, consumption of chemical fertilizers electricity use, gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the output of cattle, pig, sheep, meat, poultry, and fish, the sown area of grain, the output of grain, cotton, oil and all kinds of crops, and characteristic agricultural products and livestock production and other relevant data.The data came from the statistical yearbook of the provinces included in the Tibetan Plateau.The data are of good quality and can be used to analyze the socio-economic and agricultural development of qinghai-tibet plateau.
LV Changhe
This dataset includes the Antarctica ice sheet mass balance estimated from satellite gravimetry data, April 2002 to December 2019. The satellite measured gravity data mainly come from the joint NASA/DLR mission, Gravity Recovery And Climate Exepriment (GRACE, April 2002 to June 2017), and its successor, GRACE-FO (June 2018 till present). Considering the ~1-year data gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO, we extra include gravity data estimated from GPS tracking data of ESA's Swarm 3-satellite constellation. The GRACE data used in this study are weighted mean of CSR, GFZ, JPL and OSU produced solutions. The post-processing includes: replacing GRACE degree-1, C20 and C30 spherical harmonic coefficients with SLR estimates, destriping filtering, 300-km Gaussian smoothing, GIA correction using ICE6-G_D (VM5a) model, leakage reduction using forward modeling method and ellipsoidal correction.
C.K. Shum
The river steepness index, concavity index, drainage area, hypsometric integral, erosion coefficient, erosion rate, precipitation and other Geomorphological data of Qilian Shan basins are extracted and collected. Where the river steepness index and concavity index were extracted based on the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) 3 arc-seconds DEM data, the catchment erosion rate are from Palumbo et al. (2010) and Palumbo et al. (2011), and the precipitation data is from Geng et al. (2017). In order to increase the credibility of the data, the range of the river steepness index of each basin is given when the confidence is 95%. The data laid a foundation for the analysis of the relationship between the geomorphic characteristics and the tectonic framework of Qilian Shan.
HU Xiaofei, ZHANG Yanan
1) Significance: construction land is one of the highest performance of human activities. The consumption of natural resources and the change of ecological environment can be closely linked with the development of construction land. This data reflects the evolution of high-precision construction land with 30 m spatial resolution from 1990 to 2019 in 7 provinces/municipalities directly under the central government of China, which are also important areas for rapid urbanization. 2) Data sources: Landsat series satellite data; China regional surface meteorological element driven data set (1979-2018) 3) Processing method: supervised classification method is adopted, random forest algorithm and Fourier transform are used to process characteristic bands, and control points are classified based on visual interpretation. 3-1) Obtaining spectral features: First, screen out Landsat images with transport volume <20%, and superimpose these images in units of 3 years, and then take the median of each superimposed pixel as the target pixel for pixel stitching. Obtain cloud-free images of the entire study area. This method can also better remove the banding influence of Landsat7 data. 3-2) Acquisition of time features: each pixel that has been superimposed for 3 years is screened for cloud cover, and discrete Fourier transform is performed following the minimum mean square error fitting principle to obtain the time latitude of each pixel. "Crest", "Trough" and "Phase". This method can better eliminate the influence of “bare land” on the extraction of construction land, because bare land may be covered by vegetation in spring and summer, and its time characteristics are quite different from construction land. 3-3) Extraction of meteorological and terrain features: The meteorological features are calculated from the China Regional Ground Meteorological Elements Driven Data Set (1979-2018): the data set is superimposed at the same time interval as Landsat, and each image is obtained The average value of yuan is used as the meteorological feature (due to the lack of meteorological data for 2019, the meteorological feature of the last period only calculates the average value of 2017 and 2018). Topographic features (elevation, slope) use SRTM-30m data. The detailed method and code can be seen as follows: https://github.com/wangjinzhulala/North_ China_ Plain_ GEE_ Organized 4) Data quality: the overall accuracy of all years is better than 94%. 5) Application prospects: Simulation of regional urban expansion; estimation of environmental impact of urbanization; quantification of food security and sustainable development.
WANG Jinzhu
1) China's investment on BRI countries from 2003 to 2019. 2) The Data comes from UNCTAD database. 3) The data quality is good. However, the data of Syria, Tajikistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Brunei and Maldives are missing. 4) The data could reveal China's investment on BRI countries since 2003.
Economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) of 34 key areas along the One Belt One Road are downscaled from coarse data. First, we collect the statistics of economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) at the national or provincial scales, and use GIS spatial analysis methods to analyze the relationship between economic data and covariables (e.g.,night lighting NPP-VIIRS, road network density). Then, spatial regression analysis method is used to model relationship between the economic data and covariables, and economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) at county level were downscaled and predicted. Based on statistical data and spatial analysis, the data of economic adult is finally integrated. The economic data( Per capita GDP, GDP growth rate, Primary, secondary and tertiary industries to GDP, Gini index, Engel coefficient) can provide important basic data for the development of social and economic research on key areas and regions along the Belt and Road.
GE Yong, LING Feng
The data set includes the start time (year, month), location (longitude and latitude), duration (month), drought intensity and vulnerability data of vegetation response to drought in Central Asia from 1982 to 2015, with a spatial resolution of 1 / 12 °. The drought events were identified by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index at the time scale of 12 months (spei12) < - 1.0. The specific algorithm of drought characteristics and vegetation vulnerability is detailed in the citation. The dataset has been applied in the study of vegetation vulnerability to drought in Central Asia, and has application prospects in the research fields of spatial-temporal characteristics of drought events, drought-vegetation interaction mechanism, drought risk assessment and so on.
DENG Haoyu
The basic data source of this dataset is from the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA satellites are meteorological observation satellites. Provide meteorological environment information including temperature, precipitation, dew point, wind speed, etc. This dataset mainly covers key nodes in the pan-third pole Southeast Asia and Middle East regions. The main steps of data processing are as follows: First, according to the definition of high temperature heat waves in China's national standard "GB / T 29457-2012", based on basic meteorological data, determine the occurrence of high temperature heat waves, and then statistically obtain the frequency of high temperature heat waves. The time and occurrence intensity are collated to obtain the historical high temperature heat wave disaster event data set. This data set is helpful for clarifying the occurrence of extreme high temperature disasters in each study area, and provides reference materials and a strong basis for judging the intensity of high temperature heat waves in each area.
GE Yong, LIU Qingsheng
Contact Support
Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS
0931-4967287
poles@itpcas.ac.cn
Links
National Tibetan Plateau Data CenterFollow Us
A Big Earth Data Platform for Three Poles © 2018-2020 No.05000491 | All Rights Reserved
｜ 
No.11010502040845
Tech Support: westdc.cn
